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Government Final

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Government Final

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1) Whereas the principal work of a parliament is debate, that of a congress is...
  1. representation and action
  2. oversight and assessment
  3. administration
  4. investigation and reorganization
2) Which amendment changed the manner in which U.S. Senators are selected?
  1. Tenth
  2. Fourteenth
  3. Fifteenth
  4. Seventeenth
3) The typical representative or senator is
  1. male
  2. Protestant
  3. a lawyer
  4. all of the above
4) In the 1860s, being a congressman was not regarded as a "career" because
  1. travel to Washington, D.C., was difficult
  2. the job did not pay well
  3. Washington was not generally considered a pleasant place to live
  4. all of the above
5) The real leadership in the Senate rests with the
  1. majority leader
  2. president pro tempore
  3. managers
  4. vice president
6) In the House, the most important position is the
  1. majority leader
  2. manager
  3. Speaker
  4. president pro tempore
7) The most important organizational feature of Congress is the
  1. party caucus
  2. floor leader
  3. committee structure
  4. legislative leadership program
8) The Constitution requires that "all bills for raising revenue shall ...
  1. originate in the House of Representatives."
  2. originate in the Senate."
  3. originate in Conference Committee."
  4. require a unanimous vote."
9) The text suggests that policy gridlock is a necessary consequence of
  1. representative democracy
  2. big government
  3. direct democracy
  4. divided government
10) The Framers first considered having __________ select the president.
  1. the Supreme Court
  2. Congress
  3. the state legislatures
  4. the various governors
11) Which amendment formally limited presidents to two terms?
  1. 9th
  2. 10th
  3. 17th
  4. 22nd
12) The greatest source of presidential power is found in
  1. the Constitution
  2. Congress
  3. public communication
  4. the bureaucracy
13) The Office of Management and Budget both assembles the president's budget and
  1. manages the departments
  2. reviews departmental legislative proposals
  3. manages federal personnel
  4. organizes presidential cabinet meetings
14) In recent administrations there has been a tendency for presidents to place in their cabinet people known for their
  1. personal wealth
  2. creativity
  3. loyalty to Congress
  4. expertise
15) Of the three audiences that the president confronts, the one that is most often important for maintaining and exercising power is
  1. other politicians and leaders in Washington
  2. the mass public throughout the nation
  3. party activists
  4. foreign leaders
16) Once in office a president can expect to see his popularity
  1. increase over time
  2. remain about the same
  3. fluctuate in a manner that admits of no generalization
  4. decline over time
17) From George Washington to Bill Clinton, about ____ percent of over 2,500 presidential vetoes have been overridden.
  1. 4
  2. 15
  3. 20
  4. 25
18) The doctrine of executive privilege is based on separation of powers and on the
  1. constitutional requirements for secrecy
  2. War Powers Act
  3. president's need for confidential advice
  4. White House Sourcebook
19) American bureaucracy is complex because
  1. federalism encourages the abuse of power
  2. it is heavily dependent on career employees
  3. the Constitution determines its structure and function
  4. authority is divided among several managing institutions
20) The political ideology of a presidential appointee is important because she or he
  1. must often work with radical groups
  2. affects how the laws are interpreted
  3. is usually bound by specific directives
  4. is aligned with congressional ideology
21) The bureaucracy of American government today is largely a product of which two events?
  1. The Depression and World War II
  2. World War I and World War II
  3. World War II and the Korean War
  4. The Korean War and the Vietnam War
22) Which of the following is the most important consideration in evaluating the power of a bureaucracy?
  1. The number of employees in it
  2. The importance of its functions
  3. The extent to which its actions are supported by the public
  4. The social status of its leaders
23) In Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton described the judicial branch as the ________ branch.
  1. least political
  2. reliable
  3. existential
  4. least dangerous
24) Which of the following statements about McCulloch v. Maryland is correct?
  1. It ruled a national bank unconstitutional
  2. It restricted the scope of congressional power
  3. It allowed states to tax federal agencies
  4. It established the supremacy of national laws over state laws
25) During the period from the end of the Civil War to the beginning of the New Deal, the dominant issue that the Supreme Court faced was that of
  1. government regulation of the economy
  2. rights of privacy
  3. states' rights versus federal supremacy
  4. slavery
26) The two kinds of lower federal courts created to handle cases that need not be decided by the Supreme Court are
  1. appeals and limited jurisdiction
  2. district and appeals
  3. appeals and legislative
  4. constitutional and legislative
27) . There are ____ U.S. District Courts.
  1. 12
  2. 13
  3. 50
  4. 94
28) Certiorari is a Latin word meaning, roughly,
  1. "certified."
  2. "made more certain."
  3. "without certainty."
  4. "appealed."
29) Fee shifting enables the plaintiff to
  1. split costs with the court
  2. have taxpayers pay his or her costs
  3. split the costs with the defendant
  4. collect costs from the defendant if the defendant loses
30) Amicus curiae is generally translated as meaning
  1. "friend of the court."
  2. "amicable but curious."
  3. "let the decision stand."
  4. "to reveal."
31) A major reason that the courts play a greater role in American society today than they did earlier in the century is that
  1. government plays a greater role generally
  2. lawyers are more influential than ever
  3. public opinion is less focused
  4. judges are better trained
32) Which of the following statements best describes government bureaucracy today?
  1. It is a tool of big business
  2. It is a major source of policy proposals
  3. It is an impartial institution
  4. It is an appendage of the political parties
33) An example of a policy characterized by distributed benefits and distributed costs is
  1. farm subsidies
  2. dairy subsidies
  3. the construction of a dam
  4. increased Social Security benefits
34) Majoritarian policies tend to reflect
  1. interest-group activity
  2. interest-group conglomerations
  3. matters of cost or ideology
  4. the times
35) An example of client politics is
  1. social welfare
  2. labor legislation
  3. licensing of barbers
  4. antitrust legislation
36) An example of entrepreneurial politics would be
  1. agricultural price supports
  2. Social Security
  3. a tariff on imported cars
  4. requirements for antipollution and safety devices on cars
37) The theory that the political system always operates to serve corporate interests is
  1. Weberian
  2. pluralist
  3. Freudian
  4. Marxist
38) Lower taxes, less debt, and spending on new government programs produce
  1. ________ politics.
  2. entrepreneurial
  3. majoritarian
  4. interest group
39) The "troika" that assists the president in making economic policy is composed of the chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, the director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the
  1. advisory council of the Federal Trade Commission
  2. Secretary of the Treasury
  3. Secretary of Labor
  4. Federal Reserve Board
40) Which statement about the Federal Reserve Board is incorrect?
  1. It has fifteen members
  2. Each member is appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate
  3. A member's term is fourteen years
  4. Since its founding in 1913, no member has ever been removed
41) The most important part of the economic policy making machinery is the
  1. Federal Reserve Board
  2. Congress
  3. Council of Economic Advisers
  4. General Services Administration
42) The fiscal year begins
  1. October 1
  2. October 30
  3. September 1
  4. September 30
43) The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 was intended to
  1. impose some budget discipline on committees
  2. increase the power of the president
  3. allow interest groups more access to the budget process
  4. implement zero-based budgeting
44) Welfare programs in which nearly everyone benefits and nearly everyone pays are
  1. overlapping politics
  2. minoritarian politics
  3. club-based politics
  4. majoritarian politics
45) Most of the welfare policies in the United States have attempted to
  1. redistribute income
  2. change the existing tax structure
  3. help people with disabilities
  4. provide everyone with a guaranteed income
46) In distinct contrast to many other European nations, America's national welfare system
  1. has been a top priority of lawmakers since the 1880s
  2. is more oriented toward the basic notion of each person's "fair share."
  3. is far less adversarial
  4. arrived quite late in our history
47) Which presidents initially supported the idea of having the government pay the medical and hospital bills of the elderly and the poor?
  1. Democrats
  2. Republicans
  3. Both Democrats and Republicans
  4. Those who were chosen in close elections
48) The __________ government program provides medical assistance for poor people.
  1. Medicare
  2. Poverty Fund
  3. Medifund
  4. Medicaid
49) Programs such as Social Security and Medicare are the product of
  1. client politics
  2. association politics
  3. majoritarian politics
  4. interest-group politics
50) Of the thirteen major wars fought by this country, ____ have followed a formal declaration of war by Congress.
  1. three
  2. six
  3. ten
  4. twelve
51) The Supreme Court has generally held the view that the conduct of foreign affairs
  1. is chiefly a congressional responsibility
  2. is chiefly a presidential responsibility
  3. involves important constitutional rights
  4. is a political question for Congress and the president to work out
52) The War Powers Act of 1973 was designed as a check on the
  1. president
  2. Courts
  3. CIA
  4. Pentagon
53) The "rally 'round the flag" effect and boost in presidential approval ratings which typically accompany foreign policy crises were not evident when
  1. George W. Bush responded to the attack of 9/11
  2. Ronald Reagan invaded Grenada
  3. George Bush sent troops to fight Iraq
  4. Bill Clinton sent forces to Bosnia or launched bombing attacks on Iraq
54) Foreign policy leaders are more likely to adopt a ______________ outlook than members of the general public.
  1. nationalistic
  2. liberal and internationalist
  3. conservative
  4. centrist
55) The Department of Defense was created by the
  1. Twenty-second Amendment
  2. Twenty-third Amendment
  3. Truman Doctrine
  4. National Security Act
56) Which of the following does the text suggest is a "lesson" that we have learned when it comes to rebuilding nations.
  1. Unilateral actions are not successful
  2. The support of the United Nations is critical
  3. Do not leave a country too quickly
  4. Widespread support of the European community is essential to success
57) The text speaks of the importance of entrepreneurial politics in many areas of environmental policy making. This term refers to a style of policy-making in which
  1. an unorganized public benefits at the expense of a well-organized group
  2. an unorganized public benefits at its own expense
  3. two organized groups with a material stake in the outcome fight over who will
  4. pay and who will benefit.
58) An example cited in the text of the adversarial nature of environmental policy making in the United States is the fact that
  1. rules designed to reduce air pollution were written by government and business acting cooperatively
  2. most environmental issues are settled through majoritarian politics
  3. the public is prohibited by law from suing the Environmental Protection Agency
  4. it took Congress thirteen years to revise the Clean Air Act
59) Compared with U.S. regulations, rules controlling air pollution in Great Britain involve
  1. strict deadlines
  2. voluntary compliance
  3. expensive technology
  4. a uniform national policy
60) According to the text, federalism and the separation of powers
  1. have reduced the scope of conflicts in environmental policy making
  2. ensure efficiency in environmental policy making
  3. are responsible for the broad-based public support for anti-pollution laws
  4. reinforce adversarial politics in environmental policy making
61) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created by
  1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
  2. Theodore Roosevelt
  3. Richard Nixon
  4. Gerald Ford
62) Most of the debate over the Clean Air Act of 1970 centered on the issue of pollutants
  1. associated with the production of automobile tires
  2. associated with air conditioning apparatus in new automobiles
  3. that could come out of automobile tail pipes
  4. in and around the manufacturers of mini-vans
63) The text suggests that the legislation requiring environmental impact statements (EISs) passed by overwhelming majorities because it was a "pro-environment law" and because
  1. there was no requirement for specific action, only the need to create a "statement."
  2. there was a general sense that EISs would speed up governmental projects
  3. courts would not consider legal challenges to EISs
  4. opponents of projects would be silenced by EISs
64) The compromise worked out by Congress to deal with acid rain calls for
  1. the burning of only low-sulfur coal in all new plants
  2. both scrubbers and the burning of only low-sulfur coal in all new plants
  3. both scrubbers and the burning of only low-sulfur coal in all plants, both new
  4. plants
65) The EPA was given responsibility to administer certain laws governing
  1. air
  2. water
  3. pesticides
  4. all of the above

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